SCIENZE DELL'ARCHITETTURA E DEL PROGETTO

Title conferred.
Degree in ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGN SCIENCES

Employment and professional opportunities for graduates.
Junior Architect
Once the graduate has obtained the qualification and passed the examination to practice the profession, he/she will find a natural place in the world of work in technical offices of public bodies and private companies, in architectural and engineering firms operating in the field of architectural design or in the production of building processes and artefacts. In 
detail, the graduate will be able to find employment in: 
- private design structures organised also as engineering companies; - technical offices of public bodies integrated into the roles of 
design and management of the process of assigning works that are the responsibility of the contracting station; 
- technical offices of public bodies integrated into the roles of education officer of the processes linked in various ways to the control of the territory from the point of view of building activity in general; 
- private companies linked to the production and marketing of building products, manufactured products and related services.

Communication skills.
Graduates have the ability to take care of an effective communication of the assumptions and aims of their project interventions, knowing how to calibrate and modulate it according to the various objectives to be realised, and being able to change the level of detail - as well as the linguistic and lexical register - in relation to the recipient, the situation, and other relevant parameters. In particular, students must know how to use argumentative structures with ease, within a framework of organising communication according to the requirements of rational argumentation. 
These objectives are realised through constant didactic and docimological attention aimed at enhancing the ability to justify each choice with rational argumentative structures, to make implicit 
premises and implicatures explicit, to be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of possible positions, to know how to take on new points of view and even points of view that are not congruent with one's own. In this framework, moreover, the rich relationship of interactions with teachers and classmates, and the work of continuous critical discussion carried out in class and in workshops is very important. The practice of languages other than Italian and familiarity with digital languages, as well as with the different communicative registers used not only in real situations but also in virtual ones, constitutes the completion of the construction of the communication skills of graduates, who will have to know how to deal with opinions, cultures, ideologies and cultural settings different from their own, and possibly understand the nature of disagreements in order to be able to intervene fruitfully with mediation, negotiation and elimination of misunderstanding.

In addition to the assessment criteria indicated for the previous indicators, the lecturers and tutors will be prepared to assess - for each specific teaching activity: design, theoretical-critical discussion, pre-project analysis, group work, construction of a proposal, project presentation - the degree of communication skills exhibited by the student. Written and oral exercises will be devoted to the main purpose of attending to and refining argumentative skills. Particular emphasis in the assessment of the dissertation will be placed on the evaluation of expressive and, above all, argumentative skills.

Learning skills.
Graduates are able to synthesise their acquired knowledge in such a way that it forms a valid basis for further study, and are able to make independent judgements on the various issues - albeit guided by the main theoretical orientations. They have derived from the degree programme a learning methodology that enables them to tackle further studies by making the best use of the skills acquired in a framework of increasing autonomy and conceptual and theoretical complexity. Every opportunity for professional growth naturally becomes for them also a moment of cognitive and theoretical deepening. They have the critical awareness to be able to identify, among their own experiences, those that have a relevance to motivate them to theoretical research that represents the continuation of university training during their subsequent professional commitment.
 The project workshop - with its many moments of in-progress evaluation - is the main instrument for assessing the students' ability to select the most relevant learning experiences for the new tasks they are gradually facing. Teachers and tutors have the opportunity to observe the growth of learning skills over time, through constant contact during the project activity, continuous interaction and progressive feedback.

Making judgements.
Graduates know how to formulate relevant and insightful judgements on the various disciplinary as well as interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary issues, and they do so by using the knowledge they have acquired in a correct and logical manner, showing that they know how to utilise notions and theories, and how to recruit knowledge according to the cognitive and operational objectives of the moment. Their capacity for judgement is guarded and open to the multiplicity of possible approaches, structured by an awareness of the complexity of the issues and far from a merely resolving conception of the architectural or urban planning project. The judgements typically formulated by graduates contain notable elements of originality, but are in any case anchored in the fundamental ability to explore and know the world, so that even the formulation of a judgement is transformed, always, into a further heuristic and a hypothesis to be put to the test. Moreover, graduates subject every judgement to their own ability to discuss and doubt, and support it with argumentative reasoning. It is particularly important to bring out, on every occasion, the cultural, social, philosophical, historical and technical-scientific aspects that broaden and give depth to any design issue. These results are pursued through 
- integrated teaching blocks in which the same confrontation between teachers forces students to continuously translate and compare personal and disciplinary points of view; 
- project workshops inspired by complexity and interdisciplinarity; 
- constant didactic call for the adoption of new theoretical points of view and the need to provide reasoned justifications for actual and possible choices; 
- interpersonal confrontation, achieved through group work and critical discussions in class; 
- cultivation of autonomous judgement. 
The assessment tools here consist, in addition to those indicated in the previous descriptors, of constant verification by teachers and tutors of the students' ability to work in groups with a critical spirit and autonomous judgement. It will be important both, at the time of examination and dissertation verification, to demand and reward autonomous judgement; and, in collective teaching activities, to assess that the dynamics between the individual and the group (both in discussions and in project cooperation) are at the service of both synergy and the enhancement of innovative and reasoned personal contributions.

Knowledge and understanding.
Area of mathematical disciplines for architecture
Knowledge and understanding of the basic languages, concepts and theorems of the disciplines of linear algebra, mathematical analysis and information processing systems.

Area of physical-technical and plant engineering disciplines for architecture
Fundamental knowledge enabling the student to link design choices with energy control techniques and environmental comfort. Understanding of the fundamentals of heat transmission, the principles of environmental conditioning, the essential concepts of acoustics and lighting engineering applied to buildings.

Historical disciplines for architecture
Students must
- define with critical depth the historical framework that generated architecture and highlight styles, needs, personalities, workers and elements of the building vocabulary;
- recognise the main construction elements of architecture;
- understand the nature of the issues involved in the operation of a building;
- looking at the architectural object as connected to the environment, its territory, history and the complexity of the context;
- Extracting from design styles and experiences the logical and non-rigid patterns of approach and interaction with problems.

Area of representation of architecture and the environment
Students are expected to acquire:
- Knowledge and understanding of graphic languages useful for the elaboration of design ideas and project design.
- Knowledge and understanding of spatial representation techniques and tools, 3D modelling and design communication software.
- Knowledge and understanding of drawing as an act of expression and visual communication of the design idea.
- Knowledge and understanding of design representation and communication theories, methods, techniques and tools at different scales of operation.
- Knowledge and understanding of technical standards in representation and design.

Area of urban architectural design
Understanding the meaning of architectural design and the knowledge required to deal with it, through project exercises that start from the elementary cell of housing and its various aggregations and articulations. The project must be understood and understood by the student as a drawn prefiguration of the construction.

Theories and techniques for architectural restoration
Students must have a good knowledge of all disciplines that contribute to the structuring of restoration projects with particular reference to urban and historical contexts, i.e. they must be able to
- Define the historical framework that generated architecture and highlight styles, needs, personalities, workers and elements of the building vocabulary;
- Recognise the main construction elements of historic architecture and related traditional materials with particular regard to the system of street frontages in historic urban settings;
- Organise the geometric dimensional survey of an architectural complex and its graphic restitution;
- understand the nature of issues related to the structural functioning of a building;
- looking at the architectural object as connected to the environment, its territory, history and the complexity of the context;
- Extracting from design styles and experiences the logical and non-rigid patterns of approach and interaction with problems.

Area of structural analysis and design for architecture
The Architecture graduate must acquire solid knowledge in the fields of structural design and modelling of structural materials, be familiar with the main methodologies for calculating displacements and stresses in one-dimensional structures, and be proficient in methods for verifying sections and structures.

Area of town and country planning
In the field of urban and territorial planning, the three-year graduate will have to be familiar with the constituent elements of urban and territorial systems; he/she will have to acquire a basic knowledge of urban planning theory, be familiar with basic urban planning techniques and tools, and acquire the ability to critically analyse the phenomena and dynamics of the evolution of urban systems. The graduate will therefore be able to design public, communal and collective spaces on an urban and territorial scale following the design concepts appropriate to the context of reference. Experience will be gained within interdisciplinary workshops that will allow a basic understanding of the subject area and will stimulate integrated design.

Technological disciplines for architecture and building production
Students will learn the fundamental knowledge in the field of construction materials and techniques, the criteria for functional coupling in technical elements. The student will also learn the environmental factors that condition the design of the building and the potential degradation actions that it undergoes during its life cycle. He/she will also learn the methods and tools for representing the technical project, from the large scale to the construction detail. Therefore, at the end of the training, the student will be autonomous in choosing between different technological design solutions and different construction materials.

Area of estimative disciplines for architecture and town planning
Students will learn the theories, principles and methods of valuation. They will be able to identify the different economic aspects that characterise an asset, the corresponding values and the estimation criteria for their determination. They will deepen their knowledge of the real estate and construction market.

Area of related or complementary educational activities
- Knowledge and understanding of environmental sustainability and ecosystem aspects of architecture, settlement and territory;
- Knowledge and understanding of the subject of protection and conservation of cultural heritage and the built heritage at the scale of architecture, the city and the territory.
- Knowledge and understanding of the engineering and technological aspects of building and maturation of skills in the field of both traditional and innovative materials in architectural design;
- Knowledge and understanding of the philosophical, epistemological and interdisciplinary aspects of design.

Applying knowledge and understanding.
Area of mathematical disciplines for architecture
Ability to model a problem through the language and tools of mathematics. Ability to calculate, solve and approximate solutions of basic geometric and analytic problems, with particular reference to the disciplines characterising architecture, design and town planning. Ability to formalise and implement the automatic solution of typical processing problems

Area of physical-technical and plant engineering disciplines for architecture
Ability to apply the knowledge acquired and to quantify the phenomena studied through application exercises in energy, air conditioning, acoustics and lighting engineering. Verification of the understanding and skills acquired and, above all, the ability to process and use them in the design field.

Historical disciplines for architecture
Students must be able to apply their knowledge to new and unprecedented situations - a skill that does not respond to rigid, pre-established rules nor on the other hand intuitive or instinctive, but rather responds to a methodology of study and historical analysis.
In this they must also know how to integrate and enrich each application through an awareness of the cultural dimensions of intervention developed with regard to analysis, and duly integrated with regard to the construction and management of complexity.
They can develop their technical-scientific and historical-critical skills in new or innovative contexts, in situations they have never faced before, in conditions of partial or vague knowledge of relevant information.
Finally, they know how to relate an awareness of the need for critical and historical insight to the needs, trends and complexities of architectural design.

Area of representation of architecture and the environment
Students must be able to apply:
- knowledge and understanding of the graphic languages learnt to concrete experiences of devising and representing design solutions to problems on different scales and scopes.
- drawing as an act of expression and visual communication of the design idea to the communication of design ideas relating to different themes and fields of application
- the ability to choose, use and combine appropriate methods, techniques and tools of representation and communication within the different phases of the design process and experiences.
- the ability to use and apply representation and design standards and technical knowledge.

Area of urban architectural design
The project must also be understood as a moment of synthesis of the various disciplinary contributions present in the other courses. By drawing on these, the student in the project exercise will be able to clearly express the maturity achieved and the degree of knowledge acquired.

Theories and techniques for architectural restoration
Students must be able to apply their knowledge to new and unprecedented situations - an ability that does not respond to rigid and prefixed rules nor on the other hand intuitive or instinctive, but rather responds to a rigorous design methodology that is the basis of architectural and urban restoration.
They must know how to adapt this method to the historical built reality that surrounds them by developing a process that connects all their knowledge from the geometric reality of the property, to its material, to its state of preservation up to restoration hypotheses.
In this they must also know how to integrate and enrich each application through an awareness of the cultural dimensions of intervention developed with regard to analysis, and duly integrated with regard to the construction and management of complexity.
They can develop their technical-scientific and historical-critical skills in new or innovative contexts, in situations they have never faced before, in conditions of partial or vague knowledge of relevant information.
Finally, they know how to relate the awareness of the need for the protection and conservation of architecture in historic centres to current and historical cultural trends in this regard and to the regulatory and professional framework.

Area of structural analysis and design for architecture
The Architecture graduate must have acquired the ability to apply classical methods and tools of structural design to the study of civil buildings.

Area of town and country planning
The three-year degree holder in the field of urban and planning will be able to deal with the complexity of territorial and urban systems by applying acquired methods, techniques and tools. He/she will be able to critically and consciously identify interventions following appropriate principles and strategies at different scales.

Technological disciplines for architecture and building production
The student, starting from the characteristics of the materials known to him/her, will have to be able to analyse the technical elements in the catalogue and then design new ones, limited to the complexities that the knowledge acquired will allow him/her to tackle. Furthermore, what has been learnt, seen in terms of eco-compatibility, will allow the student to adopt construction and technological design choices in order to reduce the environmental impact of the construction on the surrounding area.

Area of estimative disciplines for architecture and town planning
Students will be able to apply the estimation of Market Value, Cost Value, Transformation Value, Complementary Value and Surrogate Value in their practice.

Area of related or complementary educational activities
- Ability to apply knowledge gained in the field of environmental sustainability and ecosystem aspects of architecture, settlement and territory to the project.
- Ability to apply to the project the knowledge acquired in the field of the protection and conservation of cultural heritage and the built heritage at the scale of architecture, the city and the territory.
- Ability to apply to the project the knowledge gained in the field of engineering and technological aspects of building and maturation of skills in the field of both traditional and innovative materials in architectural design;
- Ability to apply knowledge gained in the philosophical, epistemological and interdisciplinary aspects of design to the project.

Language(s) of instruction/examination.
ITALIAN

Skills associated with the function
Junior Architect
The three-year architecture graduate may carry out independent professional activities after registering with the Order of Architects Section B.
 The graduate may also carry out the design, direction and management of works, measurement, supervision, accounting and settlement of simple civil constructions realised with standardised methodologies.
 Professional services also include instrumental and direct surveys of current and historical buildings.

Function in a work context
Junior Architect
After passing the relevant state examination, the graduate will be able to register in the Register of Architects, Planners, Landscapers and Conservators as a Junior Architect and will be able to carry out professional activities, participating and collaborating in the planning, design and implementation of interventions for the organisation and transformation of the built environment at various scales. In 
particular, the graduate will have the following skills: 
- knowledge of the methodological-operational aspects relating to the subject areas characterising the degree programme and the ability to identify and solve architectural and building problems using up-to-date methods, techniques and tools; 
- adequate knowledge of aspects relating to technical and economic feasibility, cost calculations and the production and implementation process of architectural and building artefacts, as well as aspects relating to their safety; 
- ability to use the techniques and tools of architectural and building design. The 
aforementioned competences may allow him/her design autonomy or the ability to collaborate: 
- in applied research in the field of architecture and 
civil 
engineering; 
- in the design of buildings and civil artefacts and in the related conceptual and procedural processes; 
- in the processes useful for surveying, representing, designing, supervising the construction and maintenance of artefacts and systems related to safety; 
- in the price analysis of architectural and building construction processes and in the economics of building works

Educational goals
The degree programme in Architectural and Design Sciences pursues the following educational objectives 
- to know the methods and have the ability to use the techniques for analysing and defining architecture, space and the objects in it, the territory and the landscape; 
- to be able to set up design programmes for the conservation and transformation of the object to the territory with reference both to the various disciplines and to the methods of organisation and skills of the design groups
 - mastering the contents of the legal systems that regulate the protection and transformation of architecture, cities and the landscape in relation to the levels of design and the expected results; 
- ability to interact with complex commissions (both public and private) and with interdisciplinary work groups.
The degree programme will be oriented towards the training of professional figures capable of recognising and understanding works of architecture, both in their logical-formal, compositional, typological-distributive, structural, constructive and technological aspects, and in their relations with the historical, physical, institutional and environmental context. In this field, the specific competences of the graduate concern the activities connected with architectural and urban design in the various fields and at the various scales of application.
The didactic regulations of the degree programme foresee, in relation to specific objectives, the possibility of external activities, such as training courses in companies, enterprises and public bodies and internships at other Italian and foreign universities, also within the framework of international agreements.

 Definition of the offer and teaching methods 
The degree programme is organised with an innovative concept that is essentially based on the following aspects: 
- learning by doing 
not only are all the theoretical notions acquired systematically checked against reality, but the very comparison with real conditions becomes a further argument for developing critical reasoning; 
- this results in a project-oriented structuring of the curricula right from the first year, which enables the direct application of what has been learnt in the theoretical sections of the courses; one thus acquires the ability to transform the concepts learnt into work, and becomes accustomed to the rhythms and deadlines imposed by professional activity; 
- a pluralistic education achieved both through the cooperation of different disciplines on each individual project and through the teaching of teachers from different schools, both Italian and foreign; 
- language learning during work, also through blocks in which teaching takes place in English, in order to develop not only knowledge of the language but also that of the specific disciplinary vocabulary; 
- the possibility of carrying out an intermediate and final professional traineeship abroad supported by the activation of specific Erasmus projects - 
an optimal ratio between the number of lecturers and the number of students, which allows students to be constantly monitored during lecture and laboratory hours; 
- a broad and creative use of new technologies both as a study and work environment and as learning and using new professional tools. 
This organisation of degree programme (innovative for Italy, but already successfully adopted by some foreign schools) stems from a careful analysis and in-depth evaluation of the main international experiences in relation to the evolution of disciplines, learning methods and professional activities. Each year is subdivided into two semesters, into which the university training credits (CFU) are distributed. The educational 
activity, according to the rules of the University Teaching Regulations and the Regulations of the Department of Architecture, Design and Urbanism is divided into - 
design and in-depth didactic blocks 
- monodisciplinary courses 
- activities chosen by the student and internships 
- foreign language (English) 
- final examination.
 The didactic blocks are characterised by a project theme that is elaborated through different disciplines, chosen from those most important for the theoretical and practical development of the project. In each block and for each discipline, activities are carried out in the form of lectures, exercises and design workshops integrated with lecturers and tutors. Lectures for extended development courses and single-discipline courses also take place throughout the academic year. Widespread use of new technologies characterises the curriculum programmes, creating a creative study and working environment and enabling the learning and use of new professional tools. The examination calendar is divided into three sessions: February, July and September. The third year envisages in its first part the usual articulation in blocks, while the second contains an area for free credits, a block for preparatory activities for the final exam and the final exam, also in view of the completion of the training pathway in the Master's Degree in Architecture of the same Department.
The credits for preparatory activities for the final examination may be dedicated to internships, allowing sufficient time for the activation of an Erasmus Placement, or to the achievement of other knowledge useful for the drafting of a project or other paper to be discussed in the final examination and which will be better defined in the Regulations . This organisation is represented in the grid of the regulations as a range of credits that can be allocated either to "Training and guidance work placements" or to "Other knowledge useful for insertion in the world of work". The activation of one or both of these credit intervals will take place during the definition of the Study Manifesto, together with the definition of the "other useful knowledge", so as to ensure the necessary flexibility for a degree programme that must offer both the possibility of access to the world of work and training geared to the continuation in the Master's degree.